Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH)

The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) is part of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. As the first independent, degree-granting institution for research and training in public health, and the largest public health training facility in the United States,^[4][5][6][7] the Bloomberg School is a leading international authority on the improvement of health and prevention of disease and disability. The school's mission is to protect populations from illness and injury by pioneering new research, deploying its knowledge and expertise in the field, and educating scientists and practitioners in the global defense of human life.^[2] The school is ranked first in public health in the U.S. News and World Report rankings and has held that ranking since 1994.
JSPH online MPH

In n Out Fish Nutrition

You might find it odd that people in Bengal, Assam and the coastal regions of India eat fish for almost all their meals, and you might even have made fun of them for loving fish so much. But the fact remains that fish is one of the healthiest foods you can depend on.

Yes, there's a definite flavour-factor attached to eating fish. It doesn't matter if you're having large fish like rahu or bhetki, or small ones like mackerels and sardines, every sort of fish packs quite a punch of flavours. Fish is also very easy to cook, because its flesh cooks quite fast. You can fry it, grill it, poach it, steam it, bake it or boil it--fish always comes out tasting brilliant, and pairs well with everything from rice to rotis. 

But set aside that taste quotient, and you'll find that fish has much more going for it. It can contribute to your health in ways that you might have heard of. Here are a few reasons why you should definitely have fish every day:

1. The good fat

Unlike other food groups, the fatty types of fish (salmon, trout, sardines, tuna, rohu and mackerel) are actually the best for your health. That's because fish is chock full of omega-3 fatty acids, the good fat. These fatty acids are extremely important for the proper function of the brain and eyes, which is why it is also recommended to expecting mothers.

2. Healthy heart

Because of the absence of saturated fats in fish, it is highly-recommended for your heart health. Cholesterol, one of the biggest enemies of heart health, can be kept at bay if you indulge in fish regularly, instead of other sources of protein, like chicken, mutton and lamb. Including rohu fish health benefits  can do to keep cardiovascular diseases at bay.

3. The best source of vitamin

Fish is a natural source of vitamin D. In fact, it is chock full of it. What you basically need vitamin D for is to help your body absorb all other sorts of nutrients, and to maintain overall health. Eating fish aids this need of the body, so you should definitely depend on this food for vitamin D.

4. Fight depression

From omega-3 fatty acids and DHA to vitamin D, all the components of fish can help you keep mental health issues at bay. Fish is a natural anti-depressant, and can help you fight depression and mood swings. So, eating fish can actually keep you happier and healthier.

5. Low risk of major diseases

If you eat fish regularly, you can keep the risk of autoimmune diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis at bay. Fish is a one-stop source of so many vital nutrients that it can maintain a healthy balance in your body, and help fight all sorts of major diseases.

Apart from these benefits, eating fish can also improve your metabolism, sleep quality, skin quality, concentration and alleviate inflammation. With so many health benefits, and the flavour-factor attached, there are enough reasons for you to start indulging in fish for the rest of your 

 in n out nutrition In-N-Out Burger Calorie Counter. Double-Double w/onion-Protein Style (2 100% pure beef patties, lettuce, tomato, mustard & ketchup instead of spread, 2 slices of American cheese, with or without onions

Receding hairline

Receding hairline are a common problem for both men and women, with issues being more common in men. Receding hairlines can be caused by a variety of factors ranging from genetics and aging to hormones and disease. Depending on the cause of your receding hair, there are several options available on the market to help regain your original hairline.

1. Nutritional deficiencies

It could be possible that essential nutrients may be missing from your diet such as iron, copper, zinc and proteins. Deficiency of vitamin D is another cause of hair loss. In order to avoid this, make sure to get out and soak up some sun.

2. Hormonal Imbalance

After the age of 30, women can experience hormonal imbalance which can cause hair loss. This is usually caused by excessive dihydrotestosterone (DHT) conversion. Even though estrogen is the main hormone that women produce, testosterone and other androgens such as DHEA also occur in the female body. As women reach a certain age, they may begin to convert these androgens to DHT.

3. Thyroid issues

If the thyroid gland, which is at the front of the neck, produces excessive or an insufficient amount of the thyroid hormone, then the hair growth cycle may change. However, if you do have a thyroid issue, you will notice other symptoms along with hair loss such as weight gain or loss, sensitivity to cold or heat, and changes in heart-rate.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a hormonal imbalance which creates higher levels of androgens than normal. This often causes hair to grow on the face and body, while hair on the head grows thinner. PCOS can also lead to ovulation problems, acne, and weight gain.

5. Birth Control Pills

Birth control pills can cause hair loss. The hormones in the pill that suppress ovulation can cause hair to thin, especially in women with a family history of hair loss. Sometimes hair loss can occur when you stop taking the pill. Other drugs associated with hair loss are blood thinners and medicines that treat high blood pressure, heart disease, arthritis, and depression.

6. Stress

Extreme stress can cause sudden hair loss which could last for several months. Minimizing stress through exercise, meditation yoga and massages will reduce your chances of experiencing hair loss.

7. Hair styling products

Over-treated hair can lead to hair loss due to the toxic chemicals found in dyes and styling products. Similarly, almost all shampoos contain Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) which has a toxic effect on your immune system and has been proven to corrode hair follicles and impede hair growth. It is advisable to stick to natural shampoos and dyes.

8. Medical Conditions

- Telogen effluvium

general shedding from all over the head. We typically lose some 100 hairs a day but sometimes shedding accelerates due to stress, illness, medication or hormones. Hair generally grows back within six months.

- Androgenetic alopecia

in women, hair generally thins in the top, frontal area, just behind the hair line, but stays thick at the back. An enzyme causes conversion of the male sex hormone testosterone to another hormone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), causing the hair follicles to produce thinner hair until they stop.

- Alopecia areata

an autoimmune disease that affects up to 2% of the population. It causes round patches of hair loss and can lead to total baldness. In many cases, the hair regrows.

- Ageing

As we age, the rate at which our hair grows tends to slows down. Hair strands get smaller and have less pigment, and hair becomes thinner, finer, and grey. In order to keep your hair healthy, eat whole foods which help to keep your body youthful, as well as your hair. If you have premature grey hair, you can find here natural supplements that can help you.

- Genetics

Hair loss that is genetic is known as androgenetic alopecia and is known to be the most common cause of hair loss. The gene can be inherited from either your mother's or father's side of the family, though you're more likely to have it if both of your parents had hair loss.

Tips For Controlling Hair Fall

1. Shampoo

It is extremely important to understand your scalp type and choose the right shampoo. Also, you need to wash your hair depending upon your scalp. For instance, over washing hair with dry scalp can lead to hair fall, or not washing oily locks thrice a week can lead to the same.

Further, make sure the shampoo is not loaded with chemicals including sulfate, paraben and silicone that can make your tresses brittle and hence, prone to breakage.

2. Conditioner

A good conditioner can work wonders for your locks. It contains amino acids that help to repair damaged hair, and also helps to keep them smooth.

3. Diet and Exercise

You need to feed your hair all the right nutrients particularly plenty of protein and iron. However, along with eating a balanced diet ensure you are exercising side by side. Yoga and meditation are effective in reducing hair fall.

4. Chemical Treatments

Undergoing rigorous hair treatments like straightening, perming and colouring are definitely not kind to your tresses. Further avoid using blow dryers, curling rods, especially on wet hair as they actually boil the water in your hair shaft and make them brittle.

If you really need to use a blow dry, then keep it on the lowest heat setting. If using other products that heat your hair, start with a fortifying leave-in conditioner and finish with a protective spray.

5. Oiling

Oiling improves blood circulation and nourishes the roots. Make sure to massage your tresses once a week with oil that suits your scalp. Cover it with a shower cap and wash it off with a mild shampoo after two hours.

6. Too many styling products

Using too many chemically laden products on your hair could prove harmful in the long run. It’s best to give them a break and try natural home-made recipes instead.

Natural Remedies  like Irish moss can be used to treat hair fall others include 

Egg Masks

1. Egg mask

Eggs are rich in sulphur, phosphorous, selenium, iodine, zinc and protein, which together help promote hair growth.

2. Licorice root

This herb prevents hair loss and further damage to the hair. It helps soothe the scalp and get rid of any dry flakes/dandruff.

1. Make a paste by adding a tablespoon of ground licorice root and a quarter teaspoon saffron to one cup milk.

2. Apply this to your scalp and hair length and leave it on overnight.

3. Next morning, wash your hair.

4. Repeat this twice a week.

Prostate massage

Prostate massage is the massage or stimulation of the male prostate gland for sexual stimulation or medical purposes.
The prostate takes part in the sexual response cycle, and is essential for the production of semen. Due to its proximity to the anterior rectal wall, it can be stimulated from the anterior wall of the rectum or externally via the perineum

What Does AIDS Stand For

AIDS stands for acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. A deadly Viral disease caused by the HIV virus.
 The Disease is currently incurable

What Does AIDS stand for What does AIDS stand for

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Mycoplasma Genitalium: What To Know About The New Sexually Transmitted Disease

With 15-24 year olds accounting for half of all new Sexually transmitted Diseases it has become imperative to provide information about the newly discovered sexually transmitted diseases and its implications for the sexually active Nigerian.
The new sexually transmitted diseases Mycoplasma Genitalium was a little known until recently when British Scientists uncovered its links to some sexual conditions.
M. genitalium is one of the most common microorganisms associated with genital tract infections.
The infection has several clinical features consistent with sexual transmission, including higher detection among sexually active individuals compared to sexually naïve adolescents, detection in partners of infected individuals, and predominance in younger individuals with multiple sexual partners and men who have sex with men (particularly those infected with HIV)

Several studies that had identified Mycoplasma as a STI have showed statistically significant increased rates of infection among sexually active women, with rate/risk of infection increasing with 2 or more sexual partners


Implications of contracting Mycoplasma genitalium infection

1. It can significantly affect the ability of the infected individual to have children

2. It complicate and increase the severity of the symptoms of HIV and other viral infections
3. The can lead to the development of ovarian cancers, lymphomas and prostate cancer

4. The infection can lead to pre-term birth and spontaneous abortion.

ICD 10 Code For Seasonal Allergies

Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases vd.

The most effective means of preventing sexually transmitted disease is abstinence from sex or faithfulness to a faithful sexual partner. Unprotected sex increase the risk of contracting venereal diseases or vd.
 cycle ergo



http://www.publichealth.com.ng/new-std-all-you-need-to-know-about-mycoplasma-genitalium/

Top 5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Top 5 sexually transmitted Disease in Nigeria

Sexually transmitted disease are also known as Venereal Diseases are diseases that are transmitted from one person to the other through sexual activity, this incudes anal , vaginal or MouthAction.
The rate of sexually transmitted disease and rapes especially of the underage (child rape) has become a major public health challenge in Nigeria
http://www.publichealth.com.ng/rape-if-you-see-these-5-signs-he-might-be-a-rapist/
The high rate of prostitution and the glorification of commercial sex activities and schemes in higher institutions of learning has also exacerbated the level of sexually transmitted disease in the country. Teenagers are not also left out as their tendencies to explore new things and prove to their parents and peers that they have come of age has landed many in hospitals for all the wrong reasons.
As sex divert more teenagers from class rooms to maternity wards, unfaithful husbands and promiscuous wives have also brought home diseases from one night stands/ accidental quickies and destroyed their families.
http://www.publichealth.com.ng/7-things-sexually-transmitted-diseases-destroy/

At public health Nigeria, we have provided the list of the top 5 sexually transmitted diseases based on published studies and how to avoid them.

1. GONORRHEA 
Gonorrhea is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) in Nigeria. In fact, in 1963, WHO found Lagos to have the highest gonorrhea rate in the world? Recent surveys report gonorrhea prevalence to be as high as 28.1%. Some studies show a clear association between gonorrhea and male / female infertility. Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhea prevalence varies from 44.4% in Zaria to 80% in Ibadan.
There are major several complications that arises in the event that a gonorrhea remains untreated, this could be related to the body tissues, reproductive capacity and deformities in new born see full details in the link below

http://www.publichealth.com.ng/gonorrhea-what-sexually-active-men-and-women-must-know/

2. HIV/AIDS 
According to UNAIDS, The number of people living with HIV in Nigeria is between 2, 600 000 – 4, 500 000 more than double the population of some states. The prevalence rate of the disease among Adults aged 15 to 49 is 3.1%. HIV is a sexually transmitted disease that has no cure currently.
Rivers, Taraba and Kaduna are the top three states with the highest level of HIVAIDS infection in Nigeria while Ekiti, Zamfara and Bauchi has the lowest rates. Globally more than 33 million people are living with or affected by HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS has complicated the lives of millions in Nigeria, before the advent of free antiretroviral drugs many perished. In addition, due to the high rate of stigma many infected individuals are not taking advantage of the free anti-retroviral drugs and screening programs available. While many others who are infected, unknowingly infect their loved ones because they do not know they carry the virus.
Find all you need to know about HIV/AIDS below
www.publichealth.com.ng/hivaids-what-is-hiv-symptoms-transmission-phases-diagnosis-treatment/


3. Trichomonasis 
The Federal Ministry of Health reported the National average prevalence rate of
9.8% for trichomoniasis. The condition is caused by the one-celled protozoan organism Trichomonas vaginalis which is transmitted during sexual activity. It could also be spread by sharing intimacy gadgets or the used of intimacy gadgets that have been contaminated with the disease causing organism.
About 70 percent of people with trichomoniasis don't experience any signs or symptoms.
Having trichomoniasis can also cause genital inflammation that makes it easier to get infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, or to pass the HIV virus to a sex partner. See link details below candidiasis.


4. Candidiasis
The Federal Ministry of Health reported the National average prevalence rate of
9.62% for Candidiasis.
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida. There are over 20 species of Candida yeasts that can cause infection in humans, the most common of which is Candida albicans. Candida yeasts normally reside in the intestinal tract and can be found on mucous membranes and skin without causing infection; however, overgrowth of these organisms can cause symptoms to develop.

http://www.publichealth.com.ng/toilet-infections-causes-symptoms-remedies-prevention/


5. Syphilis
The incidence of syphilis has also gone up by 134% in men over the last five years. Syphilis.
Syphilis is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex.
Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum and it is the only known sexually transmitted disease to cause madness. Yes long-term infection with syphilis can cause brain damage and blindness.
The disease can complicate the life of an individual in the long run if left untreated. There are 4 stages of syphilis each with its distinct features.


http://www.publichealth.com.ng/syphilis-symptoms-of-the-4-stages-risk-factors/


NB

The truth about Staphylococcus

By now you must have noticed that we omitted staphylococcus aureus from the list, yes unlike what you see quacks advertising in buses and vans, Tvs and radio Staphylococcus aureus infection is not considered as a sexually transmitted disease ,
Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacteria that many people have on their skin or in their nose. It can be transmitted via skin to skin contact. Although the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain has been implicated in many infection the condition has not been classified as such. 

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase CPS Test

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mph in nigeria